形式、焦点与焦点义

On Form,Focus and Focus Meaning

焦点落在具体的句子成分上,并以凸显该句子成分达到突出句义侧重点的目的,据此,焦点可以认为是形式范畴的概念,它与焦点义(即语义侧重点)有着形式与意义的辩证关系。一方面不同的焦点以其语音、词汇、句法各手段凸显出不同的侧重点,另一方面,焦点不仅与主位、述位、新旧信息有关,而且更根本的是,它与言语主体意识的侧重点有关。汉英焦点分布的位置都相当灵活,SVO语序原则和语境都是确定焦点的重要依据。

When focus is placed on the concrete sentence elements and for the purpose of protruding the emphasis of the sentence by protruding the sentence elements, focus then can be grouped into the scope of forms and there exists dialectic relationship like form and meaning between focus and focus meaning （semantic emphasis）. On one hand, different focus protrude different emphasis by the means of phonetics, vocabulary and syntax; on the other hand, focus is not only related to theme, rheme and new or old information but fundamentally, it is related to the emphasis of subject consciousness of speech. The position of focus both in English and in Chinese is rather flexible, and SVO word order and context are all bases for determining focus.