不同类型土壤对早籼稻产量性状的影响

Effects of Different Types of Soil on Yield Components of Early Indica Rice

试验于2004年在中国农业科学院衡阳红壤实验站进行。采用冲积土、板页岩、紫色土、石灰土和红壤及4个早籼稻品种:湘早籼24、湘早籼31、湘早籼32和湘早籼33,研究了土壤因素对早籼稻产量性状的影响。结果表明:土壤因素和品种遗传特性共同影响早籼稻的产量性状。千粒重、每穗总粒数、穗数和小区产量受遗传因素的影响大于土壤因素,结实率则相反;实粒数主要受土壤因素的影响。在紫色土中,早籼稻千粒重、实粒数、结实率和穗数均显著高于其他土壤的,但每穗总粒数最低。石灰土的早籼稻每穗总粒数较高,但千粒重、实粒数、穗数和结实率显著低于其他土壤的。红壤的早籼稻实粒数和穗数比较高,每穗总粒数、千粒重和结实率居中。板页岩的早籼稻每穗总粒数显著高于其他供试土壤,实粒数较高,千粒重、结实率居中,穗数比较低。冲积土的早籼稻结实率、千粒重和穗数较高,每穗总粒数和实粒数较低。

Five types of soils （alluvial soil, plate shale, purple soil, calcareous soil and red soil） and four early Indica rice varieties （Xiangzaoxian 24, Xiangzaoxian 31, Xiangzaoxian 32 and Xiangzaoxian 33） were used to conducted field experiment by split-plot design with 3 repetitions to study the effect of soil types on rice yield components in Hengyang Red Soil Experimental Station of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 2004. The results indicated that rice yield components were affected by both soil factor and variety heredity characteristics. 1000-grain weight, spikeletes per panicle, panicles per hill and plot yield were affected mainly by heredity characteristics, while seed setting rate and filled grain number were affected mainly by soil type. In purple soil, the highest 1000-grain weight, filled grain number, panicles per hill and seed setting rate and the lowest spikeletes per panicle were obtained. In calcareous soil, the lowest 1000-grain weight, filled grain numbers, panicles per hill and seed setting rate were obtained. In red soil, the higher filled grain number and panicles per hill and medium spikeletes per panicle, 1000-grain weight and seed setting rate could obtained. In plate shale soil, the highest spikeletes per panicle was obtained. In alluvial soil, the higher seed setting rate, 1000-grain weight and panicles per hill and the lower spikeletes per panicle and filled grain numbers were obtained.