热力学·统计物理中的化学势

The Chemical Potential in Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics

化学势是一个非常重要的物理量,它贯穿热力学与统计物理两部分,它具有能量特征,能从某一侧面反映系统的某一性质;尤其在统计物理中,化学势更是起到了非常重要的作用。本文主要在于厘清化学势的定义,阐明如何用热力学方法和统计物理方法计算理想气体化学势,并在此基础上进一步阐述了化学势的一些重要作用。

The chemical potential is an important physical quantity. It crosses the whole thermodynamics and statistical physics. It provides a characteristic energy. It can reflect a certain property from one or another side. It is more important in statistical physics. This paper is to get a clear understanding of chemical potential, and introduce the way to calculate the chemical potential of ideal gas with thermodynamic method and physical method. On the basis of these, the importance of chemical potential is discussed.