环境侵权与民事救济——兼论环境立法中存在的问题

Environmental tort and civil remedies:problems in the environmental legislation

随着中国环境污染与破坏的加剧，因公害而产生的环境侵权与民事救济将成为中国的一大社会问题。本文分析了传统民事侵权的区别，讨论了环境侵权的归责原则、因果关系推定与举证责任等问题，并提出环境侵权的民事救济应实行预防性的排除侵害与损害、赔偿并重的救济制度，实行利益衡量原则与公害赔偿社会化。最后，作者就如何完善中国环境侵权与民事救济立法提出几点建议。

With the worsening of pollution and deterioration of environment,environmental tort and civil remedies caused by nuesance will become a big social problem in China.This article analized the differences betweem characteristics of environmental tort and ordinary civil tort.Then it discussed the issues of liability attribution,casual relation and burden in proof of environmental tort.The civil remedies of environmental tort should lay equal stress on the preventive elimination of infringement and apply the principles of balance of benefits and socialization of damages for nuisance.At last,it puts forward some suggestions on the perfection of the legislation on envivonmental tort and civil remedies in China.