考古所见先秦两汉的床及其礼俗初探

Probe into the Beds and Relevant Customs Between Pre-Qin Period and Two Han Dynasties

中国古代,早期床的演化经历了一个由专而泛的过程。在殷墟卜辞和西周文献中,床专指卧具,东周时期床分化为坐具和卧具,汉代又附加了榻之类坐与半卧的功能。唐宋以来,很多与坐卧无关的床形器物,也被叫做床。考古所见早期床的形制,也反映了这一过程。同时,古代在使用床的过程中形成了相应的文化和礼俗。

According to Chinese historical materials bed was the special piece of furniture for sleeping between Shang and West Zhou dynasties. Bed was also used as little bed for sitting or half-sleeping in later times. Since Tang and Song dynasties, various implements made like beds but not for sitting or sleeping had also been called beds. Excavated beds in archeology also reflected this process. Accordingly, during that process of using beds, a unique cultural and a ritual system were shaped.