军人适应不良与社会支持、家庭情感表达及相关因素研究

A related study on social support and family expressed on military with mental maladjustment

目的探讨军人适应不良及其影响因素。方法采用随机整群抽样法,抽取陆军、海军、空军共3865名军人,应用适应不良量表、社会支持量表、家庭情感表达问卷进行测评,并对测评结果采用t-检验、方差分析、相关分析和逐步回归分析。结果(1)就总体而言,空军适应性最好,海军适应性较好,陆军适应性欠佳。战士较干部适应性为好,即干部总分及人际关系分值依次为(9.67±6.93)、(2.86±1.92),而战士分别为(8.41±6.08)、(2.40±2.02),均P<0.01。(2)适应不良与社会支持、家庭情感表达关系密切,r在0.228～0.423(P<0.01);与军兵种、职务有一定关联,r在-0.089～-0.035(P<0.05)。逐步回归分析显示,社会支持、家庭情感表达是影响军人适应不良的主要因素,军兵种及职务为次要因素。结论适应不良量表可作为评估军人适应不良的量化指标。本研究揭示了影响军人适应不良的主要和次要因素,这为其心理干预提供了重要依据。

Objective To explore related factors of military personnel’s maladjustment. Methods A total of 3865 military persons of the army , navy and air-force were tested by randomized cluster sampling from the whole army,Mental Maladjustment Questionnaire（MMQ）,Social Support Rating Scale （SSRS）and Family Ex- pressed Emotion Scale（FES） were assessed out and the data were analyzed by Student＇s t-test,ANOVA ,linear correlation and stepwise regression. Results （1） Air-force were most adaptable and army were less adaptable. Common soldiers suffered from less adjustment disorder than advanced officers, the total score and interpersonal score of officers （9.67±6.93 and 2.86±1.92） were significantly higher than those of soldiers（8. 41±6.08 and 2.40±2.02）（P〈0.01）. （2） Maladjustment had a significant association with social support and family expressed emotion, （r=0. 228-0. 423 ,P〈0.01）, and maladjustment was also megatively associated with arms of service and the rank. （r= --0. 089～-0.035, P〈0.0S）. Stepwise regression analysis implied that social support and family＇s expressed emotion were the major influence factors of the maladjustment, and the arms of service as well as the rank were minor influence factors, Conclusion The MMQ was a quantitative index to evaluate military personnel＇s maladjustment. The study revealed major and minor influent factors of maladjustment, providing important evidence to psychological intervention.