圆明园新证——万方安和考

New Evidence about Yuanming Yuan (Garden of Perfect Brightness):A Study on Wanfang Anhe

万方安和是清代皇家离宫圆明园中独具特色的园林景建筑之一,其主题以万字房为重心,十字亭为结点,一字长楼山高水长为回应,形成山环水聚、万年如意的园林宫殿形局。其经营意象援引佛教宇宙图式、兼及禅宗沩仰宗风"圆相"奥旨,同时溯源汉地明堂,既是对"圆明主题"的进一步深化,又是雍正皇权极度膨胀在造园理念方面的突出表现。

Wanfang Anhe was one of the unique landscaped architectural features in the Qing Dynasty royal garden palace Yuanming Yuan,and the leitmotif of the complex was the central building in the shape of the swastika and a pavilion in the shape of a cross surrounded by a band of regular gardens that formed a well-watered and wooded perimeter around the building, so that the totality of the structure was designed to convey the sense of auspiciousness for ten thousand years.The architectural conception was inspired by Buddhist diagrams of the layout of the universe,as well as Chan (Zen) Wei Yang School's ideas regarding the 'round or perfect form' (yuanxiang) of the wind and,at the same time,some of the ideas governing the structures can be traced back to the ancient Chinese Mingtang (Bright Hall) design.These two sources explain the leitmotif of Yuanming (Perfect Brightness) used to denote the garden palace complex,and amply demonstrate the Yongzheng Emperor's inflated notion of imperial power extended to the principles governing garden landscaping.