胫前动脉踝上支骨膜(骨)瓣移位术的应用解剖

APPLIED ANATOMY OF OSTEO PERIOSTEAL FLAP PEDICLED WITH SUPERIOR MALLEOLAR BRANCH OF ANTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERY

为带血供胫骨下段外侧骨膜（骨）瓣移位术提供解剖学基础，在４０侧成人下肢标本上，解剖观测了胫骨下段外侧骨膜血管来源、走行、分支分布及其吻合。结果表明，胫前动脉踝上支是胫骨下段外侧骨膜血供的主要血管，于踝间连线上方（３．１±０．８）ｃｍ始于胫前动脉，紧贴骨面前行至胫骨前缘分出升支和降支。升支沿胫骨前缘上行，达踝间连线上（６．３±１．３）ｃｍ处与胫前动脉肌骨膜支吻合；降支下行与内踝前动脉吻合。踝上支长（２．２±０．７）ｃｍ，外径（１．１±０．２）ｍｍ，伴行静脉两条。以踝上支或踝上支与肌骨膜支的吻合关系，可在胫骨下段外侧设计８ｃｍ～１０ｃｍ×４ｃｍ～５ｃｍ骨膜瓣，为修复胫骨中下段骨不连、距骨骨折、踝关节融合等提供了一种新的骨膜（骨）瓣供区。

In order to investigate the blood supply of osteo periosteal flap of lateral inferior part of tibia, 40 lower limbs of adult cadavers were observed. The result showed that the superior malleolar branch was the biggest branch on the lateral inferior part of tibia and served as the main blood supply to the above area. It originated from the anterior tibial artery, 3.1± 0.8 cm above the intermalleolar line. During its way to the anterior border of the tibia, it gave out the ascending and descending branches. The ascending branch was along the anterior border upward and anastomosed with the musculo periosteol branch of the anterior tibial artery at the level of 6.3±1.3 cm above the intermalleolar line. The decending branch was anastomosed with the anterior medial malleolar artery. For the anastomosis between the superior malleolar branch with the peripheral vessels, the osteo periosteol flap could be designed at the lateral side of the lower part of tibia in size of 8～10 cm×4～6 cm. This was a new donor area of osteo periosteol flap for repair of non union of bone in lower end of tibia or arthrodesis of the ankle joint.