棉花新型D8胞质雄性不育的细胞质效应研究

Research for Cytoplasm Effects of New Type CMS-D8 on Cotton

利用3个不育系、3个同质保持系和3个恢复系配制不育系×恢复系、保持系×恢复系、恢复系×保持系三种类型组合，研究新型三裂棉（D8）不育胞质对棉花杂交种产量性状和纤维品质的影响。结果表明：D8不育胞质对子棉和皮棉产量有极显著的负效应，子棉平均减产15．3％～25．6％，皮棉减产25．0％～39％；但D8胞质对不同产量因素的影响不同，平均降低铃重0．89～1．00g，降低衣分4．59％～7．08％，对单株结铃数无明显影响。D8胞质不育对纤维长度和整齐度没有影响，还可以提高纤维比强度1．0～1．1cN·tex^-1，降低麦克隆值1．4～1．5，增加纤维伸长率0．4。不同的基因型受D8不育胞质的影响不同，通过选择合适的基因型，可以减小胞质对铃重和衣分的负面影响，选育出优良的胞质不育三系杂交棉品种。

For investigating the cytoplasmic effects of the new type CMS-D8 on yield characters and fiber qualities, three types of crosses were designed by AN R,BX R,RX B, and three male-sterile lines （A line） ,three corresponding maintainer lines（B line） and three restorer line（R line）. A lines and R lines were the fifth generations of backcross successively by domestic materials, and the R lines were crossed to the second generations after backcross. The field planting followed by NC II design with two rows and three replications. The field management and pest management followed essentially the practice under the normal agricultural conditions. The examination of field characters included weight and number of boll, lint percentage, seed yield, and lint yield. The fiber qualities were mainly checked on fiber length, strength, uniformity, elongation, and micronaire. The results showed that the greatly significant negative effects were observed on seed yield and lint yield for sterile cytoplasm of D8, the average seed-lint yield declined by 15.3%～25.6%,lint yield declined 25.0% ～39 %;But CMS-D8 had different effects to different yield components, the average decline of bolls weight came to 0.89～1.00 g, the average decline of lint percentage wene 4.59～7.08, but had no significantly on number of boll. The fiber length and fiber uniformity were not influenced by sterile cytoplasm of DS, and the fiber strength was improved by 1.0～1.1 cN· tex^-l , micronaire was reduced to 1.4～1.5, fi her elongation was enhanced to 0.4. Different genotypes were influenced differently by sterile cyto plasm of DS.