山药道地药材形成源流考

Textual research on origin and development of genuine medicinal herbs of Shanyao

对山药产地变迁,栽培加工技术发展,临床应用进行本草和历史文献考证。药用山药从使用野生品到使用栽培品经历了唐以前主要使用野生品时期;从宋开始到清中期山药栽培品与野生品混用时期;清中后期(大致18世纪)以来大部分使用栽培品时期。山药道地产区显现在明代,道地药材"怀山药"完全形成在20世纪初。道地药材怀山药的形成与栽培技术,采收加工技术的进步和医家临床应用等因素密切相关。栽培技术的进步解决了山药资源问题;现代采收加工技术的发明改进了药材外观性状和内在品质;近、现代名医家的认知和临床应用,为道地药材怀山药得到社会的认同和发展起了重要作用。

Making textual research on Bencao and documents, this article inquires to the origin and development of genuine medicinal herbs of Shanyao（ Rhizoma Dioscoreae） on the points of change of the growing areas and the development of cultivating and processing techniques and clinical uses. The study indicates that the medicinal, use of Dioscorea oposita went through several periods ： the period of the use of wild D. oposita before Tang dynasty, the period of the mixed use of wild and cultivating D. oposita from Song to the middle of Qing dynasty, and the period of the main use of cultivating D. oposita after the latter stage of Qing dynasty （ 18th century）. It considers that the growing area of genuine medicinal herbs of Shanyao appeared in Ming dynasty and finally formed ＂Huaishanyao＂ on the early of 20th century. The acknowledgement of Huaishanyao as genuine medicinal herbs is related closely to its cultivating and processing techniques and clinical uses. The development of cultivating techniques provided the resource of Shanyao, the in- vention of processing techniques improved its appearance and quality, and the clinical uses and practices by modern and contemporary famous medical men played an important role to the social approval and development of Huaishanyao.