中国近代化转型中的农村地权关系及其演化机制——基于要素-技术-制度框架的分析

The Relations of the Rural Land Ownership and Mechanism of Evolution in the Transition Period of China:An Analysis in the Frame of Factor-Technology Institution

传统中国的农村地权关系在近代化转型的社会背景下发生了重要的变化:国家放弃了对土地所有权的控制,土地所有权与使用权的分离进一步深化,土地交易市场化趋势加快;应用托马斯和诺斯以及速水和拉坦的分析框架,从人口、技术与制度变迁的关系的角度来考察农村地权关系在近代中国转型的动力机制,会发现人口压力是近代农村地权关系演变的主要动力;而农业技术层面进步缓慢以及工业化、城市化进程的受阻是影响农村土地制度效率的发挥以及进一步变革的内生因素。

There has occurred an important change in the relations of the rural land ownership of traditional China in the context of modem transition period. The state has abandoned the control of land ownership; the separation between the land ownership and the right of using the land has further deepened and the trend of land transaction′ marketization has been sped up. By using the frames of analysis of Thomas, North, Ruttan and Hyami and the perspective of the relations between population, technology and the institutional evolution to investigate the motivating mechanism of modem China＇s transition of the rural land ownership, it can be found that the pressure of population is the chief stimulus of the change of modem rural land ownership. Furthermore, the slow progress in agricultural technology and the industrialization and urbanization process＇s being hindered are the innate factors affecting the process of giving scope to the institutional efficiency of the rural land and affecting its further changes.