政策决策转型与精英优势

Transition of Policy-Making and Elite Advantage

本文提出了一个用来解释社会主义转型国家社会分层结构中精英优势的替代性理论。本文指出,在社会主义转型国家,政策决策转型是导致社会分层机制发生变迁的重要因素。在中国,政策决策转型可以概括为从原来的政治/行政精英垄断政策决策过程的模式,逐步向社会精英参与政策决策过程的模式的转变。根据中国当前政策决策模式的各种变异,本文以省为单位,将中国分为四类地区。不同类型的政策决策模式导致了精英优势的地区差异。本文运用两个独立的大规模全国调查数据,包括2004年中国思想库调查(CTTS)和2003年中国综合社会调查(CGSS),对中国的政策决策转型及其对社会分层结构中精英优势的影响进行了实证研究。

This article suggests an alternative theory for explaining elite advantage in social stratification in socialist transitional states. The author argues that in these states, the transition of policy-making is an important factor that results in the changes of mechanism of social stratification. In China, the transition of policy-making can be summarized as the transition process from the pattern that political/administrative elites monopolize the policy-making system to the pattern that social elites are gradually able to participate in the policy-making system. According to variations of the policy-making process in contemporary China, the article classifies four types of regions at the provincial level. Among different types of regions, different models of the policy-making process results in variation of mechanism of elite advantage. Empirical studies conducted in this paper employ data from two independent nationwide surveys, i.e. 2004 China's Think Tanks Survey (CTTS) and 2003 China General Social Survey (CGSS).