市场竞争还是性别歧视--收入性别差异扩大趋势及其原因解释

Rising Gender Income Gap and Its Dynamics in China:Market competition or sex discrimination?

经济改革以来收入分配领域发生了一系列的巨大变化,其中也包括性别之间的收入差距变化。本文想回答的问题是:经济改革或者说市场化改革对性别收入差距产生了什么影响?特别要解答的是:经济改革以来性别收入差距是扩大了还是缩小了?已有的几项研究对这一问题得出了不同的结果。本文采用三次跨时段的全国抽样调查数据,估计了过去20年里性别收入差距变化的趋势,并考查导致性别收入差距变化的原因。分析结果显示,过去20年来性别收入差距在稳定地和显著地增长,在改革的最初10年里,市场机制是导致性别收入差距扩大的主要原因,但在最近的10年里,性别歧视因素成为影响性别收入差距的更重要的因素。

China's economic reform has led to profound social-economic transformation as well as huge changes in income distribution.This paper,based on the analysis of cross-sectional survey data (1988,1995,2000), tries to examine the trend of gender income gap during the past 20 years and find the main factors causing the change.The results show a steady and significant increase of gender income gap during the past two decades.Market mechanism was the major dynamics to enlarge the gap in the first decade while sex discrimination has become the more important factor in the last decade.