西方体育在西藏的早期传播及其影响

THE EARLY PROPAGATION AND INFLUENCE OF THE WESTERN PHYSICAL CULTURE IN TIBET

本文以历史年代为线索,历史史实为根据,较为系统地介绍了西方体育在西藏早期的传播过程和传播方式,以及产生的社会影响和历史影响。 本文认为西方体育在西藏早期的传播过程可分为三个阶段:第一阶段为清朝末年的1906-1911年。第二阶段为辛亥革命爆发后,至二十年代中,第三阶段为国民党政府统治时期的1934-1949年。其中第一阶段和第三阶段为中央政府在西藏两度传播西方体育。成绩明显,是重要阶段。中央政府在西藏传播西方体育的主要方式是在兴办新式学堂(包括编练新式军警)时,按照西方模式开设体育课程,修建体育场地,添置运动器械,创立学校体育,扩大社会影响。西藏学校体育的出现,标志着西方体育在西藏的正式传播,也标志着西藏体育步入了近代体育的轨道。它无疑对近代中央政府巩固边防,维护国家统一,以及为西藏后来发展现代体育起着不可低估的作用。

Keeping the track of historical chronology and based on historical facts, this paper is going to introduce systematically the procedure and ways of propagation of the western physical culture in Tibet and the social and historical significance it has brought about.The early propagation of the western physical culture in Tibet consists of three stages: the first from 1906 to 1911, the last years of Qing Dynasty jtlie second from the outbreak of the Revolution of 1911 (the Chinese bourgeois democratic revolution) to the middle twenties; the third from 1934 to 1949, the period under the domination of the Kuomintang government. During the first and third periods, the central government had sucessfully carried out the propagation and made remarkable achievements. The chief means of propagation include establishing the physical courses according to the western model, constructing field houses and playgrounds and buying sports apparatus so as to found school sports and extend its social influences when initiating modern schools (including training modern policemen). The appearance of school sports in Tibet marked the formal propagation of the western physical culture in Tibet and the beginning of Tibetan modern sports, which no doubt plays an important role in consolidating frontier defence, maintaining the country' s unity and further developing the Tibetan modern sports.