5Laurie Udesky, "Welfare Reform and Its Victims", The Nations, September 24, 1990.
6Michael Abramowitz, "Doledrums', The New Republic 206 (March 30, 1992): 16 - 18.
7K. Sue Jewell, Survival of the Black Family: The Institutional Impact of U. S. Social Policy (Westport, CT: Praeger,1955), p. 57.
8U. S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports,"Poverty in the United States: 1990", Series P-60, No. 175.(Washington, DC: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1991), table 16.
9U. S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports,"Poverty in the United States: 2002", Series p60- 219, written by bernadette D. Proctor and Joseph Dalaker. (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2002), p. 7.
