中国保甲制度的历史流变与利弊

On the history of the Baojia System and its advantages and disadvantages

中固保甲制度作为一种军事化的基层治安制度,它的本质特征是以"户"(家庭)为社会组织的基本单位,并以此形成金字塔式的管理模式,其滥觞是周朝的乡里制度。秦时商鞅变法的"什伍连坐"制已基本具有近代意义上的保甲之实,北宋王安石倡导的熙宁变法使之名符其实。此后,一直延续至20世纪初,国统时期"保甲"则成为"反共剿共"的手段,至新中国成立,此项制度也宣告寿终正寝。一种制度的利弊与它的制定者和执行者的意志密不可分,作为一种政治制度的保制度更是如此。

As a kind of militarized grass - roots peace - and - order system in China, the ＂Baojia＂ system stems from the village - neighborhood system of Zhou Dynasty, taking ＂household＂ （family） as a basic unit of the social organization, and formatted a pyramid type of management style. The ＂Ten - five involving＂ system of the＂ Shang yang＂ political reform of Qin Dynasty had the modern meaning or ＂Baojia＂ system. Wang Anshi political reform made the ＂Baojia＂ system well - known actually. Henceforth, to the beginning of 20 centuries, the ＂Baojia＂ system became a method of attacking the Communist Party of China （CPC） in the period of Kuomintang （ KMT ） government and it was announced to die out in 1949. The advantages and the disadvantages of a system is inseparable or its establishors and administers＇ will, the ＂Baojia＂ system too.