宗教争论与18世纪法国的政治转变

Religious Controversy and Political Changes in France in the 18th Century

起源于17世纪的宗教争论,进入18世纪后,发展成以王权和教会为一方、以詹森派和巴黎高等法院为另一方的大规模政治争论。持续半个世纪的激烈论争,不仅沉重地打击了教会,导致耶稣会被赶出了法国,而且为了与具有天然优势的王权对抗,巴黎高等法院诉诸公众舆论的支持,从而打破了法国绝对主义王权封闭的政治运作原则,开辟了"争论的政治"的局面,使立基于市民社会里的公众舆论取代传统的王权权威,成为法国政治中新的裁判权力。更为重要的是,舆论争夺中意识形态话语的构建和传播,促进了旧制度末年法国社会的政治文化总体转变,为1789年的来临准备了必要的思想氛围和意识形态基础。

The religious controversy on Jausenism originating from the seventeenth century evolved into a large - scale political controversy in the eighteenth century, in which the French crown supported Roman Church and Jansenists allied with Paris parliament. The political controversy, which continued for half of the century , not only dealt a heavy blow to the Catholic Church, leading to the Jesus Society＇ s expulsion from France, but also compelled the Paris parliament to look for support from the public opinion in order to resist the powerful crown. The absolutist mold of French monarchy--＂ secret du roi＂--thus was broken, and ＂contestations of Politics＂ hence dominated the French political state of affairs, the public opinion based on the civil society taking the place of the traditional royal authority and becoming a new judge of the French politics. Moreover, the elaboration and dissemination of ideological discourse in the political disputes promoted the general transformation of the political culture in the old regime, thus paving the way for creating an ideological atmosphere necessary for the French Revolution of 1789.