渭北旱塬冬小麦水·肥·产量关系研究

Study on the Relation between Water-fertilization and Yield of Winter Wheat in Weibei Dry Highland

[目的]探讨了不同供水条件下土壤水分与作物产量的关系。[方法]以冬小麦品种长旱58为试材,设肥力和水分2因子高、中、低3水平9个处理组合,通过试验资料分析了不同养分和水分条件下作物的产量响应。利用2006年9月-2007年7月的气象资料研究了冬小麦不同生育期耗水量。[结果]各生育期耗水量占全生育期总耗水量的百分比以孕穗灌浆期最大,达45.6%,其次为拔节期,约21.5%,越冬期最小,约8.4%。底墒对旱作作物产量具有重要影响,施肥量过量会影响农田水分循环过程,使得高产农田的产量随降水量的变化而波动。[结论]提高作物土壤耗水量和土壤底墒利用率是黄土高原旱地农业实现高产稳产的关键。

[Objective]The purpose of the study was to discuss the relation between the soil water and crop yield under different water supply conditions.[Method]With winter wheat variety Changhan 58 as tested material.9 treatment combinations with 2 factors of fertility and water at 3 levels of high,mid and low were set up to analyze the yield response of crop under the different nutrient and water conditions on the basis of test data.The water consumptions in different growth stages were studied by using whether data in Sep.2006～Jul.2007.[Result]As for the water consumptions in different growth stages,it was found that the percent of water consumption from booting to filling stages to total water consumption was largest（45.6%） in the whole growth period,that in jointing stage was secondary（21.5%） and that in wintering period was least（about 8.4%）.The soil moisture in seedtime had important effect on the yield of dry-land crop.The excessive fertilization would affect the field water cycle,which make the yield in high yield field fluctuate with precipitation change.[Conclusion]Increasing soil water consumption of crop and utilizing rate of soil moisture in seedtime is the key for realizing high and stable yield in dry-land agriculture in loess plateau.