不同油料籽实日粮对奶牛养分表观消化率、生产性能及血液指标的影响

Effects of Oilseeds on Apparent Digestibility, Milking Performance and Blood Indices of Dairy Cows in Early Lactation

本试验目的在于研究在日粮中添加3种富含不饱和脂肪酸的油料籽实对泌乳早期奶牛养分表观消化率及泌乳性能的影响。试验挑取80头泌乳早期[(43±25)DIM]荷斯坦奶牛,随机分成4个处理组,进行为期10周的饲养试验。按照等能等蛋白的日粮配置原则:对照组饲喂基础日粮(精粗比55∶45),3个试验组分别添加占日粮干物质10%的膨化大豆、5%的双低油菜籽和10%的全棉籽替代基础日粮中部分精料和羊草,使试验组日粮中粗脂肪含量在5%左右。结果表明:(1)添加膨化大豆有提高养分表观消化率的趋势,而棉籽组和双低油菜籽组日粮各养分表观消化率均低于另外2组;(2)添加油料籽实有改善泌乳初期奶牛体况的趋势,而添加膨化大豆提高了常乳产量(P<0.05)以及乳蛋白产量,但是对乳脂产量有一定的抑制作用(P>0.05);(3)添加油料籽实的3组奶牛血液中总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白以及甘油三酯浓度均高于对照组。

Eighty [（43 ± 25 DIM）] Holstein cows in early lactation were used in a 10-wk trial to explore the effects of three kinds of oilseeds, which were rich in unsaturated fatty acids, on the milk production and composition, digestibility of diets and blood indices. They were randomly allotted to four groups and exposed to one of the listed four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic total mixed ration with ad libitum feeding, in which one basal diet was for the control group, the other three were added with 10% （DM of TMR） extruded soybeans （ESB）, 5% ground canola seed （GCS） and 10% whole cottonseeds （WCS） respectively, to replace equal portion of concentrate or forage in the basal diet, making the trial diets contain about 5% of crude fat. The results showed that 1） the apparent digestibility was increased in ESB group, while lower in GCS and WCS groups; 2） compared with the control group, BCS of groups added with oilseeds were all improved; milk production of ECS group was increased （P〈0.05） ; furthermore, milk protein yield of ECS group was also the highest, but milk fat yield was lower than that of the other groups （P〉0.05） ; 3） the contents of total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglyceride in blood were higher in groups supplemented with oilseeds than in control group.