产品召回制度中发展缺陷抗辩存在与否辨析

The Debate of whether There Existing Development Defect Defense in Product Recall System

产品召回制度是一项完全不同于产品责任制度的产品安全管理制度,前者属于公法,后者属于私法。抗辩作为对请求权的对抗,是民法中的概念,不可能在公法中存在。产品召回制度的主要任务是消除产品中存在的系统性缺陷,保护公共安全,而发展缺陷是一种最为典型的系统性缺陷,其中不可能有发展缺陷抗辩存在的空间。发展缺陷抗辩有助于厂商免除或减轻其产品责任,而不可能免除或减轻其召回义务。在产品责任诉讼中,发展缺陷抗辩的成立与否还须以产品召回义务的严格履行为前提。

Products recall system that is a sort of products safety administrative system is definitely different form products liability system. The former belongs to public law, while the latter is attributed to private law. As a counterwork to right of claim, defense exists only in civil law, never in public law. Products recall system is to erase systematic products＇ defects development defect is just a kind of systematic defect, therefore there doesn＇t exist development defect defense in products recall system. Development defect defense is only helpful to exempt or relieve the manufacturers＇ products liability, not useful to exempt or relieve their products recall duty. Meanwhile, whether the court accepts the development defect defense or not depends on whether the manufacturers perform their products recall duty strictly.