地铁车站设计的冷思考

Considerations about the Design of Subway Stations

分析当前地铁车站设计中的缺点和问题:地铁的使用期为100年,车站客流量按建成后第25年预测,存在着巨大的时空差距;站台上设2组楼扶梯,不利于乘客疏散和防灾;残疾人电梯不能直达地面,残疾人进出车站的问题并没有解决;实践证明,高架侧式站台的使用效果不好;双岛4线式车站只方便同站台同方向换乘,反方向换乘不方便,而单岛4线式车站对同方向和反方向换乘都很方便;由2个车站进行组合换乘,工程代价太高,应该慎重使用。

This article summarizes the shortcomings and questions existing in the current design of subway stations. For example, the lifetime of subways is 100 years, but the station passenger flow is forecasted for 25 years after the completion of the subway station; therefore, there exists a huge time space difference. On the platform, there are only 2 groups of staircases, which is disadvantageous for the passengers to evacuate and take measures against disasters. The elevators for disabled persons do not go to the ground surface directly, which is inconvenient for them to go into and out of the stations. Practice has shown that the effect of elevated lateral platforms is not good. The station with double-island 4 lines is only convenient for the same direction interchange but not for the reversed direction interchange. The station with single-island 4 lines is convenient both for the same direction interchange and for the reversed direction interchange. Combination transfer by two stations is not advisable due to the high construction costs involved, which should be prudently resorted to.