玉米种子超干燥方法及超干适应性研究

Ultra-drying methods and ultra-dry adaptability for maize seeds

超干贮藏能在常温下长期保持种子发芽力,方便易行、高效低耗,但大粒种子超干燥困难。该试验以玉米杂交种农大108和自交系黄C为材料,用真空冷冻干燥机和烘箱干燥的方法进行超干处理,并对超干后的种子进行发芽测定,旨在探讨玉米一类大粒种子的超干适应性,筛选适宜的超干燥方法。结果表明,冷冻干燥机干燥较烘箱干燥速度快,能在较短时间内达到超干水平,且超干种子具有强的抗高温老化能力。但超干种子直接进行发芽,发芽率较低,缓湿后发芽率明显提高。说明玉米种子可以进行超干贮藏,但必须进行缓湿处理后再播种。

Ultra-dry seed storage is a convenient, high-efficiency and low-cost storage method which can conserve high germination ability for a long time at room temperatures. For large grain seeds, it is difficult to be dried to the ultra-dry levels. To detect the ultra-dry adaptability of large grain seeds such as maize seeds and to select the optimum drying method, the hybrid Nongda 108 and inbred Huang C were ultra-dried by vacuum freeze drier and oven and then used for germination tests. The results showed that the vacuum freeze-drying had a much higher drying rate than oven drying. The freeze-drying can dry the seeds to the ultra-dry moisture content within a very short time, and the ultra-dried seeds by freeze-drying show much stronger aging-resistant capability. The germination ability of ultra-dry seeds was lower by directly testing and prehumidification treatment can significantly improve the germination ability of ultra-dry seeds. It indicates that maize seeds are fit for ultra-dry storage, but it must be prehumidificated before sowing.