串珠镰孢亚粘团变种的生物学特性研究

On the biological features of the disease producing germ of Fusarium moniliforme var.subglutinans

【目的】为玉米顶腐病生物防治和预测预报提供指导。【方法】研究了温度、pH、碳源、氮源和光照对玉米顶腐病病原菌串珠镰孢亚粘团变种（Fusarium moniliformevar.subglutinans）菌丝生长、产孢量和孢子萌发的影响。【结果】玉米顶腐病病原菌串珠镰孢亚粘团变种菌丝生长、孢子萌发、产生孢子的最适温度分别为20-25,25-30和25℃。该病原菌在pH 4-13能够正常生长、产生孢子并萌发,菌丝生长的最适pH 5-12,孢子萌发的最适pH7-9,产生孢子的最适pH 6-8。该病原菌在以淀粉、甘露醇为碳源的培养基上菌丝生长最快,与供试的其他8种碳源间差异极显著,10种碳源对产孢量的影响无显著差异；在甘油中孢子萌发率最高。在供试的8种氮源上,该病原菌菌丝均能生长、产孢,孢子均能萌发；在以硝酸铵为氮源的培养基上菌丝生长最快,产孢量最大,与其他7种氮源相比有极显著差异；在以甘氨酸为氮源的培养液中孢子萌发率最高,与其他7种氮源相比有极显著差异。不同光照处理对串珠镰孢亚粘团变种菌丝生长的影响差异不显著；12 h光暗交替条件下产孢量极显著增大；连续光照条件下孢子萌发率100%,黑暗条件下孢子萌发率仅有10.8%,二者差异极显著。【结论】该病原菌菌丝生长、孢子萌发和产生孢子的最适温度分别为20-25,25-30和25℃；最适pH值分别为5-12,7-9和6-8；在以淀粉、甘露醇为碳源和以硝酸铵为氮源的培养基上,该病原菌菌丝生长最快；光照处理对菌丝生长影响不显著。

【Objective】 The study provided some instructions to prevent and cure corn top-rotten disease.【Method】 A research on the effect of temperature,pH,illumination,carbon and nitrogen sources on mycelial growth,sporulation and spore germination of Fusarium moniliforme var.subglutinans.was conducted.【Result】 The optimum temperature range of mycelial growth,spore germination,and producing spore germination were 20-25 ℃,25-30 ℃,25 ℃ respectively.The mycelial could grow and produce spore germination on pH 4-13,the optimum pH for hypha growth was pH 5-12,the optimum acid range for spore germination pH 7-9,and the optimum acid range for producing spore germination pH 6-8.The mycelial could grow on the provided 10 carbons,and grew fast in the culture medium with carbons form solubleamy and mannite.There big differences from other 8 carbon sources.The effects of the 10 carbons on the spore germination were almost the same;the spore geminated best in the culture medium whose carbon came from Glycerin,and slowest in the culture medium whose carbon came from Lseminose.The mycelial could grow and germinate in the 8 nitrogen sources.The hypha grew fast in the culture medium whose nitrogen sources came from Ammonium nitrate,and produce the most sporulation,which is quite different from other 7 nitrogen sources;The mycelial germinated the most in the culture medium whose nitrogen sources came from Glycin,which was also different from other 7 ones;continuous illumination,darkness and alternative of the two didn＇t have a significant differences on the growth of the mycelial;12 h alternatives of illumination made a striking difference on the spore germination;continuous illumination produced 100% spore germination,while darkness resulted in only 10.8%,the difference quite striking.【Conclusion】 The optimum temperatures range of mycelial growth,spore germination,and producing spore germination were 20-25 ℃,25-30 ℃,25 ℃ respectively;The optimum pH range were 5-12,7-9,6-8.The mycelial could grow on the provided 10 carbons,and grew fast in the culture medium with carbons form solubleamy and mannite.