从人口、耕地、粮食生产看清代直隶民生状况——以直隶中部地区为例

Study on Livelihood of People in Zhili based on the Population,Land and Grain in Qing Dynasty——example for central region of Zhili

中国传统社会的百姓生活与人口、耕地及粮食生产密不可分。自清初始,在政策鼓励下,直隶地区开垦大量土地,促进了人口再生产。在人口增长与土地开垦过程中,人均占地量呈减少趋势。这点在直隶中部地区表现尤为突出。在以传统粮食作物为主要种植类型,粮食亩产量变化不大的情况下,土地供养人口的能力也随着人均占地量的减少而减弱。

The livelihood of the common people in Chinese traditional agricultural society is closely related to the relation between population, land and the production of grain. From the beginning of early Qing, people have cultivated large amount of land under the encouragement of government, which have promoted to reproducing the population. In the process of population growth and reclamation of land, the occupation of each person in land has been decreasing year by year, which was especially outstanding in central region of Zhili. In the condition that traditional cereals were in domination, and per mu yield of which changed little, the land＇s ability to support population has weakened.