婴儿活动水平对骨密度的影响

Effects of physical activity on bone mineral density in infants

【目的】探讨婴儿活动水平与骨密度的关系,了解家庭环境及养育方式和观念对婴儿活动水平的影响。【方法】根据DDST筛查结果,共有31名婴儿在大动作和精细动作能区出现迟缓,作为可疑者入选研究组,同时选择31名测试正常的婴儿作为对照组。此外,进一步对受试婴儿进行骨密度检测,并通过问卷调查影响其活动的相关因素。【结果】骨密度值在研究组和对照组中分别为0.40±0.02,0.44±0.02,差异有显著性(t=10.34,P<0.005)。在研究组中,婴儿受2人以上照料、母亲照料时间≤3h、老人照料时间≥3h、家住古城区、小区无公共活动场所、婴儿每天俯卧位时间≤1h、不训练抓握与翻身、育儿理念错误者、婴儿每天被搂抱时间≥3h、不做被动体操、开始训练婴儿活动时间≥2个月龄者多于对照组,差异有显著性(P均<0.05)。经多元线性回归分析,影响婴儿骨密度的主要因素依次为俯卧位时间、照料人数、育儿理念、做婴儿被动体操、老人照料婴儿时间、搂抱时间(P均<0.05)。【结论】婴儿活动水平低阻碍动作发展,并导致骨密度下降,而家庭环境、养育方式和观念是影响婴儿活动的重要因素。

[Objective] To investigate the correlation between physical activity and the bone mineral density of infants, and the effects of the domestic environment and fosters＇ manner or idea on infants＇ physical activity. [Methods] According to the DDST,31 infants, who found were retardation in the gross or fine motor items,were selected into study group and 31 normal infants in those items same sex, ages as the control group. Additionally, infants＇ bone mineral density was measured, and correlated factors affecting on their physical activities were investigated with questionnaire. [Results] The bone mineral density level in the study group and control group was 0. 40±0. 02 and 0. 44±0. 02 respectively, there was significant difference between them （t= 10.34, P〈0. 005）. The number of infants taken care of by more than 2 fosters, taken care by mother with less than 3 hours, taken care by elders with more than 3 hours, living in Ancient city, with no available public area in resident district, less time in prone position, not having grabbing training, holding improper ideas of bring-up, being embraced by caregiver with more than 3 hours every day, not participating in physical training for in rant, exercise later than two month old were all more than that in the control group, there was significant difference between them（P〈0.05）. With multiple linear regression analysis, time in prone position, the foster number, holding correct idea of health care, participating in infant physical activity, caring time taken by elder caregiver, time of being embraced by caregivers were the important factors that affecting the bone mineral density in infants（P〈0.05）. [Conclusions] Low level physical activity plays an importance role in motor development and the bone mineral density of infants. Moreover, domestic circumstance, manner and idea of nurture are also the important factors that affected the physical activity of infants.