儿童汉语阅读障碍的流行病学研究

Epidemic study on Chinese dyslexic children

目的：揭示汉语阅读障碍的流行病学特点，为阅读障碍儿童的预防和矫治提供理论依据。方法：采用简单随机抽样的方法，对武汉市某城区4所普通小学3—5年级平均年龄为9．41岁的1200名学生，根据国际疾病分类诊断第10版中阅读障碍的定义，采用逐层筛选的方法诊断汉语阅读障碍儿童。结果：阅读障碍的发生率为6．30％，男生阅读障碍的发生率显著高于女生（P〈0．01）；家庭状况、父母职业与教养方式和儿童自身等因素对阅读障碍的发生有影响。结论：汉语阅读障碍儿童并不少见，应该引起家长和教育工作者的高度重视。阅读障碍的预防和矫治需要家庭、学校、社会的共同努力。

Objective： Disclose the epidemic characteristics of Chinese dyslexic children, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of this disorder. Methods： There were 1 200 children from four primary schools in Wuhan in Grades 3 to 5, with an average age of 41 years. They were randomly selected in this research. The dyslexic children were diagnosed according to ICD - 10 criteria. Results： The prevalence rate of dyslexia was 6. 30%. The prevalence rate of boys was higher than that of girls （ P 〈 0.01 ） . Family environments （patents＇occupation and nurture -ways） and children~ own factors had influences on dyslexia. Conclusion： The number of Chinese dyslexic children is not low and should attract the attention of parents and educators. The interventions and therapies of dyslexics need whole efforts not only from their families, but also from the schools and society.