强侧风下青藏线列车气动性能风洞试验研究

Experimental study on aerodynamic characteristics of train running on Qinghai-Tibet railway under cross winds

列车运行过程中可能遭遇来自不同方向的强风,为了充分了解和掌握列车在侧风作用下的气动性能,作者以青藏线为工程背景,通过风洞试验,对强侧风下青藏线客车、棚车、集装箱车在桥梁和平地上运行时气动性能进行了测量和分析。结果表明:列车上的侧向力系数和倾覆力矩系数的绝对值随侧滑角的增加而迅速增大;当侧滑角达到一定值时,列车侧向力系数和倾覆力矩系数的绝对值达到最大值,此后,侧向力系数和倾覆力矩系数的绝对值随侧滑角的增加而减小;在同样的运行速度和同样的大风风速下,列车在桥梁上运行比在平地上运行所受到的侧向力系数和倾覆力矩系数大,因而列车在桥上运行也相对较危险。

The train running on railway line may suffer strong cross wind from different directions. In order to obtain the aerodynamic characteristics of vehicles under strong winds, wind tunnel tests were conducted to evaluate the aerodynamic characteristics of passenger train, box car, assembled car running on Qinghai-Tibet railway line under cross winds. The main results obtained from the wind tunnel tests show that the aerodynamic force and overturning moment coefficient of the train will increase seriously as the yaw angle increasing. However, the aerodynamic force and overturning moment coefficient of the train will decrease at large yaw angels. When running with certain speed under the same cross wind condition, the aerodynamic side force coefficient and overturning moment coefficient of the train/vehicle on the bridge are greater than the one on the fiat railway. Therefore, the train/vehicle running on the bridge is more dangerous than on the fiat railway under the cross wind.