新疆天山北坡山地草甸草地资源退化生态分析

Analysis on Resources and Degradation of Marshy Grassland and Meadow in the North Slope of Tianshan Mountains

通过对永久围栏不放牧草地、围栏放牧草地、不围栏放牧草地等进行草地植物群落和环境条件的综合调查;利用放牧空间梯度的方法,在一定范围内,随机扔取样圆,统计样地的植物种类;以Dyksterhuirs法评定草地基况,分析天山北坡山地草甸草地资源及退化程度。结果表明:(1)永久围栏不放牧草地植被组成接近原生植被,土质松软、土壤持水量好、地表平坦,基本上无鼠洞;(2)围栏放牧草地与不围栏离棚圈100和50 m放牧草地,优良牧草比例下降,增加植物占有很大比例,土壤硬度增加,保墒性能下降,地表有少量鼠洞;(3)栏外路边人类活动频繁区草地,增加植物增多,草地出现侵入者植物,土壤质地坚硬,地表有大量鼠洞,出现裸露与土丘。由此说明了天山北坡山地草甸出现了明显的退化特征。

The investigation of plants community and surrounding in different range sites：long-term fence site, rang - fence site, out - fence near home of 100 m or 50 m, roadside site was condutced. In a certain range, the samples were randomly taken and the plant species were counted in the sample land. The general conditions of grassland were judged by use of Dyksterhuis method, and the resources and degradation of marshy grassland and meadow in the north slope of Tianshan mountains were analyzed. The result showed that （1）Long-term fence range condition is the best of others, the plants are similar to natural vegetation,The soil is soft , the land is smooth as well as there is no mousehole.（2）Range-fencing and out- fencing is near home 100m or 50 m. The palatable plants are less than unpalatable plants, soil hardness is increased and there is less water in it. In addition, there are some mouseholes in land.（3）In roadside site,there are some invaders.The soft is in bad condition.