银川市企事业单位职工营养知识、态度及行为调查

Survey on Nutrition Knowledge,Attitude and Behavior of Employees in Some Enterprises of Yinchuan City

目的了解银川部分企事业单位职工的营养知识、态度及饮食行为水平,为开展营养教育提供依据。方法用随机整群抽样的方法,抽取宁夏银川市部分企事业单位职工356人为调查对象,进行营养知识、态度及饮食行为的问卷调查。结果356名职工中营养不良14人(3.9%),正常184人(51.7%),超重118人(33.1%),肥胖40人(11.2%);营养知识及格率为89.0%,优秀率为64.3%,主要缺乏对中国居民膳食指南、疾病相关营养知识等方面的了解;营养态度积极,其中91.0%想了解一些基本的营养知识,82.3%想通过饮食改变自己的营养状况;仍然存在各种不良饮食行为,其中35.1%的调查对象不按时吃早餐,40.7%饮食比一般人口味重,35.4%近半年内经常饮酒;鱼类、豆类、蛋类食物摄入频率较低。结论调查对象营养知识水平较高,营养态度积极,但各种不良饮食习惯所占比例较高,食物摄入频率与中国居民膳食指南的要求差距较大,应有针对性地加强营养教育,促使其采取健康的饮食行为。

Objective To ascertain the state of nutrition knowledge, attitude and behavior of employees in some enterprises of Yinchuan City, and to provide references for future nutrition education. Methods A totall of 356 subjects from different enterprises in Yinchuan were selected by random cluster sampling. Their knowledge, attitude and behavior about nutrition were investigated by questionnaire. Results The prevalence rate of malnutrition was 3.9% （ 14 persons） for the 356 employees, and the rate of overweight and obesity was 33. 1% （118 persons） and 11.2% （40 persons） respectively. The pass ratio of nutrition knowledge was 89. 0% , and the ratio of excellence was 64. 3%. Most subjects lacked of better understanding of nutrition knowledge related to some diseases and “the Dietary Guide for Chinese Residents”. Most of them would like to learn about basic nutrition knowledge and change their nutritional status by diet. But there were some unhealthy dietary behaviors such as not eating breakfast on time （35. 1% ） , taste heavy （40. 7% ） and often drinking wine in past half year （35. 4% ）. Everyday＇s consumption of fishery products, bean products, and egg products were low. Conclusion The employees have higher level of knowledge about nutrition and positive nutrition attitude, but there are some unhealthy dietary behaviors and there is large distance between food intake frequency and “the Dietary Guide for Chinese Residents”. Nutrition education should be strengthened in order to enable them to make rational arrangement for their diet.