无核黄皮叶片中矿质元素质量分数的年动态变化

Seasonal variation of leaf mineral nutrient concentrations in seedless wampee (Clausena lansium 'Yunan Seedless')

以广东省郁南县无核黄皮Clausena lansium‘Yunan Seedless’为试验材料,在秋梢期、花芽分化期、开花期、幼果期、果实膨大期和收获期6个时期,对其叶片矿质元素进行分析,研究黄皮不同物候期叶片矿质营养元素的年变化规律。结果表明,3个果园在年生长期内,收获期氮、磷、钾营养水平降到最低,随后因施肥在新的秋梢期而迅速恢复。3个果园自秋梢期到来年收获期叶片钙、锰的营养水平呈明显上升趋势,之后到了新的秋梢期有所下降。镁、钼在整个生育期相对稳定。3个果园铜呈现波动性的变化,新城果园在翌年成熟期铜降到最小值,新的秋梢期达到最大值;农科所果园在果实膨大期达到最大值,秋梢期降到最小值;农委果园在花芽分化期达到最大值,果实膨大期降到最小值。3个果园锌的季节性变化各不相同,新城和农委果园在开花期降到最低值,之后逐渐升高,分别在收获期和新的秋梢期达到最高值;农科所果园锌水平在幼果期降到最低值,在新的收获期又再度增加。3个果园的铁呈现波动性变化,新城果园在开花期降到最低值,果实膨大期达到最大值;农科所和农委果园在秋梢期达到最大值,分别在新的秋梢期和开花期降到最低值。3个果园硼的营养水平在开花期最小,新城和农委果园在收获期达到最大值,到了新的收获期又下降,农科所果园在新的收获期达到最大值。

Seedless wampee （Clausena lansiurn ＇Yunan Seedless＇ ） is a new and nutritious fruit tree, but lack in research of cultivation and management. This objective is to provide a basis for rational fertilization to improve fruit quality. The seasonal variation for mineral concentrations of nutrient elements in leaves during growth of seedless wampee were determined for different phenological phases, including autumn shoot growth, bud differentiation, flowering, fruiting, fruit growth, and harvest stages in three different orchards （Xincheng, Nongkesuo, and Nongwei） of locations fertilized with organic and combined fertilization. Results showed that the concentrations of N, P, and K decreased from autumn to the next fruiting, but recovered with fertilizer application. Ca and Mn concentrations increased from autumn shoot growth to fruit maturity. The concentration of Cu in Xincheng Orchard decreased to a minimum during maturity, but increased to a maximum the following autumn; in Nongkesuo Orchard Cu was maximum in the fruit growing stage, but decreased to a minimum the following autumn; and in Nongwei Orchard Cu was highest with bud differentiation and lowest in the fruit growing stage. The seasonal variation of Zn in Xincheng and Nongwei Orchards decreased to a minimum in the flowering stage and peaked at harvest （Xincheng） and the following autumn shoot growth （Nongwei）, whereas in Nongkesuo Orchard Zn decreased in the fruiting stage and increased during the following autumn shoot growth. The Fe concentration in Xincheng Orchard decreased to a minimum in the flowering period and increased to a peak in the fruit development period; however, in Nongkesuo and Nongwei orchards Fe peaked in the autum shoot growth stage, decreased to a minimum the following autumn shoot growth （Nongkesuo） and flowering stage （Nongwei）. Concentrations of B for the three orchards were lowest in the flowering stage, maximum during the harvest stage in Xincheng and Nongwei Orchards, and highest the following autumn shoot growth in Nongkesuo Orchard. [ Ch, 5 fig. 1 tab. 10 ref. ]