木材防白蚁药剂研究概况及展望

Overview and prospect of termicides in wood protection

木材作为一种重要的原材料,以它们优良的特性被广泛应用于建筑、家具和室内装修等领域,然而白蚁的威胁不仅缩短了木材的使用寿命,而且也限制了木材的应用领域。白蚁种类不同对木材的危害情况不一样,不同种类的木材其抗蚁性也有区别。目前,研究开发和应用的白蚁防治剂主要有砷制剂类、金属盐类、无机酸类、有机氯(氟)类、有机磷类、硅烷类、拟除虫菊酯类和有机杂环类等。无机白蚁防治剂和有机氯类因对人体和环境有害将逐渐遭到淘汰,拟除虫菊酯类药剂是目前世界上白蚁防治剂中品种最多的一类药剂,有机杂环类和一剂多效的环保型药剂将是今后的研究热点,对木材进行化学改性也将成为防治白蚁的一种方式。

As an important raw material, wood has been widely used in many areas, such as building, furniture, and interior decoration. However, wood can be easily attacked by termites, which limits the application of wood and reduces the wood＇s service life. Generally speaking, the attacking way of different termite species are not the same, and the sufferance vary from one another in wood species. The most popular termicides include arsenicals, metal salts, inorganic acids, organochlorine compounds, organophosphates, silicons, pyrethroids, heterocyclic compounds and so on. The inorganic and organochlorine termicides will be replaced by the pyrethroid and other environment-friendly termicides in the future. The kind of termicides which can protect wood not only from termites but also from fungi or fire will be popular. Chemical modification of wood will also be a way of termite-resistance. [ Ch, 39 ref. ]