市场失灵评价标准的演变及其争论

The Evolution of Market Failure Evaluation Criterion and Controversies on It

市场失灵的评价标准经历了从庇古的效率标准、公平标准到帕累托最优标准,最终到效率标准、公平标准与稳定标准三位一体的演变,演变的过程反映了西方经济学家对市场机制认识的不断深化。由于价值取向的不同,经济学家们对市场失灵评价标准的争论和质疑从来就没有停息过,而且这种争论仍将继续。

The criterion used to judge whether the market has failed has been evolving： from the one stressing efficiency and fairness advocated by Arthur C .Pigou, to Pareto efficiency by Villefredo Pareto, and finally to the one stressing simultaneously efficiency, fairness and stability. Such evolution reveals the fact that understanding of the market mechanism by western economists deepens in a gradual manner. Due to different orientations, there have always been controversies on the criterion, and people will see no end to such controversies.