不同年龄组急性心肌梗死患者的特点分析

Analysis of Characteristics of Different Age Groups of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

目的探讨不同年龄组急性心肌梗死患者的特点。方法收集270例急性心肌梗死患者的临床资料,进行回顾性统计分析,比较老、中、青三组患者的危险因素、临床特征、梗死部位及冠状动脉病变特征。结果(1)三组间吸烟、饮酒、阳性家族史、高血压病史、糖尿病病史差异性显著(P<0.05)。(2)中青年组典型胸痛者、TG水平明显高于老年组,三组间差异性显著(P<0.05);而严重并发症及死亡率低于老年组,三组间差异性显著(P<0.05)。(3)中青年组以前壁梗死、单支血管病变为主,老年组以下壁梗死、多支血管病变为主,三组间差异性显著(P<0.05)。结论(1)中青年急性心肌梗死患者以男性多发,吸烟、饮酒、家族史、高TG为区别于老年组的特征;多突然起病,有典型胸痛;预后好,并发症及死亡率低;冠状动脉血管以单支病变为主,三支病变较少。(2)老年急性心肌梗死患者女性比例显著增加,高血压、糖尿病史是最主要的危险因素;症状多不典型;预后差,并发症及死亡率高;冠状动脉血管以多支病变为主。

Objective To explore the characteristics of different age groups of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Methods The risk factors, clinical features, infarction location and characteristics of coronary artery disease of 270 cases are compared among the three groups and the clinical data were anayzed retrospectively. Results （1） The difference of smoking and drinking habits, positive family history, hypertension history and diabetes history among the three groups is significant （P〈0.05）. （2） The typical chest pain patients and TG levels of the youth group were significantly higher than the elderly group. That difference is significant among the three groups （P〈0.05）. （3） The anterior myocardial in-farction and single-vascular diseases are often seen among the youth group while inferior myocardial infarc-tion and single-vascular diseases are mostly happened to the elderly group. The difference is also significant among the three groups （P〈0.05）. Conclusion （1） Youth and middle-aged group patients with AMI are mainly males who have smoking and drinking habits , family history and high TG; the two groups of pa-tients become ill suddenly with typical chest pain, they have favorable prognosis, lower complications and death; the coronary artery disease of them is mostly single-vascular and less three-vascular. （2） Old age group with AMI has seen a obvious increase in female patients with hypertension and diabetes; they have no typical symptoms, poor prognosis, higher complications and death; the coronary artery diseases are largely multi-vascular.