大学生体质状况与伙食费用的相关性

Correlation between physical fitness and meal cost in college students

目的：学生的个人生活费用跟随学校地理位置和服务模式的不同及其个人生活方式而有所差别。对两所在校大学生体质进行抽样调查，以了解不同伙食费用消费与学生体质健康的关系。方法：实验于2006—12选取湖南环境生物职业技术学院南校区3个医科系1-4年级89个班级和广西壮族自治区南宁市卫生学校护理、口腔、中西医专业1～3年级66个班级学生作为检测对象。按系和年级分层，以班级为整群随机抽样。考虑到可能的不应答现象，按多20％的样本进行抽样，严格控制抽样误差，共调查794人。体质检查根据中国《学生体质健康标准》细则执行，伙食费用调查采用问卷形式进行检测。将学生信息、伙食费用和体检数据录入《学生体质健康管理系统（6．02学生版）》软件，对不同伙食费用的学生身高、体质量、营养、发育及体型、视力状况进行评价。结果：①与伙食费用〈150元，月和≥300元，月的学生比较，150-299元，月的学生身高上等、中上等比例明显升高（x^2=19．73，P〈0．01）。②与伙食费用≥250元／月的学生比较，〈250元／月的学生体质量上等、中上等比例明显升高（x^2=17．82，P〈0．01），营养不良、较低体质量、超重及肥胖的比例明显降低（x^2=9．95，P〈0．05）。③与伙食费用≥300元／月的学生比较，〈150元/月、150-199元/月、200～249元/月、250-299元/月的学生发育状况良好＋较好合计率均显著升高（x^2=23．87，P=0．00）。④伙食费用〈200元，月的学生体型粗壮率较高，250～299元/月的学生体型匀称率较高，组间比较差异有显著性意义（x^2=15．61，P=0．00）。⑤不同伙食费用的学生视力低下率基本相似（x^2=0．77，P〉0．05）。结论：月伙食费用150～300元的学生体质状况综合评价相对较优，提示过高或过低的伙食费用均不利于学生体质健康发展，应提倡集体生活，同时改善校内学生的就餐环境。

AIM： The living cost of each student differs from the geographic setting and the service pattern of the colleges as well as their life style. This study conducted a sample survey on the physical fitness of students in two colleges so as to investigate the correlation between meal cost and physical fitness of college students. METHODS： In December 2006, 89 classes （Grade 1-4） from Medical Department of Hunan Environment-Biological Polytechnic College and 66 classes （Grade 1-3） from Department of Nursing, Department of Stomatology, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine in Nanning Public Health School were selected for this study, and they were sampled according to a hierarchy of department and grade and a cluster of class. 120% samples were adopted to avoid non-response and control sampling errors, finally 794 students were involved. Physical fitness was detected by using Chinese Student＇s Physical Fitness Standard bylaws, and meal cost was interviewed by questionnaires. General information, meal cost and physical data were all entered into Student＇s Physical Fitness Management System （6.02） software, and the height, weight, nutrient, growth, figure and vision of students were assayed. RESULTS： ①Compared with the students whose meal cost 〈 150 yuan or ≥ 300 yuan per month, an obviously increasing percentage of middle and middle-superior height was found in the students whose meal cost ranged 150-299 yuan per month （ x^2=19.73, P 〈 0.01）.②Compared with the students whose meal cost ≥ 250 yuan per month, students whose meal cost 〈 250 yuan per month showed an obviously increasing percentage of middle and middle-superior height （ x^2=17.82, P 〈 0.01）, and obviously decreasing percentages of undernutrition, lower weight, overweight and obese （ x^2=9.95, P 〈 0.05）,③）Compared with the students whose meal cost ≥ 300 yuan per month, an obviously increasing total sum of good and fine development appeared in the students whose meal cost 〈 300 yuan per month （ x^2=23.87, P = 0.00）.④Students whose meal cost 〈 200 yuan per month showed mostly muscular figure, while those whose meal cost ranged 250-299 yuan per month showed well proportioned stature, with the significant differences among groups （ x^2= 15.61, P =0.00）.⑤The percentage of low vision was similar in the students with different vision （ x^2 =0.77, P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Excellent assessment of physical fitness can be obtained in the students whose meal cost ranging 150-300 yuan per month, it is indicated that overhigh or overlow meal cost is unbeneficial for the healthy development of students＇ physical fitness. Therefore group living is strongly recommended and repast quality should be improved simultaneously.