5～8岁儿童失言探测与理解的发展特点

The Developmental Characteristics of 5～8-year-olds' Faux Pas Detection and Understanding

失言探测与理解是一种融入了人际互动，需要个体体会交往双方心理感受的高级心理理论任务。本研究采用图片一故事法探讨失言情境（他人对自我、自我对他人和他人对他人）对5～8岁儿童失言探测与理解的影响。结果发现，7～8岁儿童基本拥有了失言探测与理解能力，6、7、8岁儿童在所有情境下失言探测和理解能力同步发展．而5岁儿童在他人对自我情境下失言探测与理解的成绩显著好于自我对他人情境下的成绩，提示失言探测与理解能力在不同阶段会表现出不同的发展特点。

The operant definition of faux pas detection and understanding is whether an individual can recognize when someone unintentionally says something that would hurt or insult the other. One hundred and twenty 5 - 8-year-olds＇ faux pas detection and understanding were measured through story-picture presentation in self-other, other-self, and other-other situations. The results showed that 7 - 8-year-olds had the ability to detect and understand faux pas. And the development of faux pas detection and understanding in 6- to 8- year-olds was synchronous in three situations, yet 5-year-olds performed significantly better in the other-self situation than did in the self-other situation.