HIV致病机制研究进展

Advances in pathogenesis of HIV

以往认为慢性免疫缺陷病毒感染的致病机制是免疫损伤缓慢进行的过程。然而,最近的研究显示导致艾滋病的机制始动于感染后的最初数周至数月。急性感染期大量病毒复制,使淋巴外组织的CD4+效应记忆T细胞严重缺失,免疫系统显著受损,决定了免疫系统最终衰竭;慢性无症状期普遍的免疫活化,进行性的摧毁免疫系统功能组织,降低其再生能力,最终导致艾滋病。

The pathogenesis of chronic HIV-1 infection has long been considered as chronic process of immune damage. However, recent studies suggest that the mechanisms ultimately resulting in AIDS initiate in the first weeks to months following establishment of infection. During acute infection, the massive viral replication results in profound depletion of CD4＋ effector memory T cells in extra-lymphoid interface tissues, severely damage the immune system and sets the stage of its eventual failure. In chronic HIV-1 infection, general immune activation progressively disrupts the functional organi- zation of the immune system, damaging its regenerative capacity, ultimately leading to AIDS.