关于违约金法律适用问题的研究

Research on Penalty Fee Adaptable to Law

定金属于担保债权法的范畴,与保证、抵押、质押、留置等特别担保不同,它是一般担保。定金包括违约定金、立约定金、成约定金和解约定金等种类。违约定金的适用条件主要有主合同有效、定金实际交付和定金数额符合法律规定等。违约定金未支付不能作为双方合同履行中的抗辩理由,不履行债务是适用定金罚则的前提,不适当履行债务不能适用定金罚则。违约金与定金出现竟合时仅能择一适用。

Earnest money belongs to the category of Law of guarantee creditor＇s rights. It is a general guarantee other than pledge, mortgage, pawn and lien. Earnest money includes fee for breaching a contract, reaching an agreement, signing a contract, and ending an agreement. The payment for breaking contract is applicable to the rules of main contract validity, payment actual consign, payment amount in accordance with law etc. The behavior of non - payment for breaking contract is not deemed to a contradictory excuse in contract. Non - performance of obligation is a precondition applicable to the Rule of Earnest Money Punishment, whereas non - performance of obligation with misfeasance is not adaptable to that. Earnest money or penalty appears singly in this instance.