沈氏、张履祥论灾害防治——以《农书》和《补〈农书〉后》为中心

On Preventing and Controlling Disasters by Shen and Zhan Lv-xiang

明末清初,沈氏、张履祥分别在《农书》和《补〈农书〉后》中论及一系列灾害防治措施。在农业技术方面,农民要提沟铲地,防治春花灾害;讲究养殖方法,防治猪羊病虫害;经营桑基鱼塘,创业防灾;施肥、编篱,预防盗贼暴徒;推行食疗,去病减灾。在农业经营方面,农民要勤俭持家,备荒救灾;合理策划用地,兴家救荒。在农村社会方面,农家要协调主-佃关系,避免人为灾害。这些论述对中国现代农村建设不无启示。

From the end of the Ming dynasty to the beginning of the Qing dynasty, Shen and Zhang Lv - xiang, in A Book on Agriculture and A Supplement to the Book on Agriculture respectively, discussed a series of measures to prevent and control disasters. On the aspect of agricultural technique, the peasants should make drainage ditches and prepare soil with a hoe to prevent and control wheat, rape, etc. from disasters; they should strive for breeding methods to prevent and control pigs and sheep from disease and insects; they should run mulberry - bases and fish ponds to lay some foundations and to prevent disasters; they should apply manure and make fences to guard against thieves and robbers ; they should practice treatment of diseases by foodstuff to reduce disasters. On the aspect of the agricultural management, the peasants should be industrious and thrifty in managing the household to prepare for and to relieve disasters; they should plan and utilize the land rationally to vitalize the property and to support the family. On the aspect of the rural society, the countryside people should coordinate the landlord - tenant relationships to avoid man - made disasters. These discussions are not without enlightment to the construction of the rural areas in modern China.