宪政国情与我国宪法监督模式的选择

The national conditions of the constitutionalism and the choose of the constitutional supervision patterns

宪法监督模式的选择必须符合我国国情,这是宪法监督发挥作用的前提。我国宪政国情可以从三个方面考察:政治理念上,强调议行合一;制度层面上,人大制度是保障人民当家作主的基本制度;实践层面上,执政党是实际的国家权力中心。特有国情使我国宪法监督制度的完善面临是否承认分权、人大是否受监督、执政党行为是否受制约等困惑。特有国情决定了我国宪法监督制度实质是保障各级各类国家机关贯彻执行执政党的方针政策,而关键是各级党组织及其领导人行为应受合宪审查。我国应建立执政党成员占主导地位的、中央与省两级分别设立的宪法监督委员会。这种宪法监督模式有利于实现对执政党组织的监督,有利于树立人大权威,有利于实现政党与国家关系的法律化。

The choose of the constitutional supervision patterns should accord with the national conditions, which is the premise of the constitutional supervision. So to actually understand the national conditions is the key to realize the constitutional supervision patterns. We can study the national conditions of the constitutionalism from three aspects： it emphasis on the unity of legislature and administration on the political ideas; the people congress system is the guarantee for the master of people own affairs on the institutional aspect; the party in power is the actual power centre in practice. The special national conditions make the constitutional supervision patterns face some confusion： whether recognize the decentralization, whether accept the supervision from the NPC, the actions of the party in power whether be retained by others. The special national conditions decide the nature of the constitutional supervision patterns is to guarantee the carrying out of the guidelines of the party in power and the key is that organizations and leaders at all levels should be supervised by the constitutional first. The country should establish a constitutional supervision committee in which the the member of the party in power play a leading, and it should be set in central and provinces. The model is beneficial to realize the supervision to the party in power, to establish the NPC authority, to realize the legalization of the relationship between party and nation.