海淀区女性压力性尿失禁影响因素分析

An analysis of influencing factors of female stress urinary incontinence in Haidian district,Beijing City

目的了解北京市海淀区女性压力性尿失禁患病情况和危险因素,为制定有效的防治措施提供理论依据。方法以海淀区20岁以上女性作为研究对象,采用分层随机抽样方法,选择了3个街道,对每个街道240余名女性进行问卷调查。结果女性压力性尿失禁的患病率为39.34%(284/722);仅有10.92%的女性到医院就诊,相关危险因素有阴道分娩、泌尿系感染、盆腔手术、便秘史和绝经(P<0.05),剖宫产具有保护作用,可降低压力性尿失禁的患病率,而妊娠其他有关因素如分娩年龄、胎儿体重、会阴裂伤、产后劳动开始时间与尿失禁发生无明显相关性(P>0.05)。结论压力性尿失禁是女性常见疾病,但就诊率低,应加强宣传力度,普及尿失禁预防知识,减少危险因素,提高女性生活质量。

Objective To investigate prevalence and risk factors of female stress urinary incontinence（SUI） in Haidian district, Beijing city so as to provide a theoretical basis for effective prevention and treatment. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 722 women aged over 20 years old in 3 avenues of Haidian district, Beijing city（240 women from each avenue） in stratified sampling method. Results The prevalence of female SUI was 39.34% （284/722）. Only about 10.92% of the patients with SUI had visited the doctor. The related risk factors included vaginal delivery, urinary infection, histories of pelvic operation and constipation, and menopause （all P 〈 0.05 ）. Dramatically, cesarean section seemed to be a protective factor, it could reduce the prevalence of SUI and was not significantly correlated with other pregnancy-associated factors such as age at first delivery, fetal weight , perineal laceration, starting time of physical labor after delivery, chronic pulmonary diseases, traumas of the nervous system（ all P 〉 0.05 ）. Conclusion SUI is a common disease of women in Haidian district, Beijing city, but only a few women have visited doctor. So propaganda should be reinforced and relating preventive knowledge of female SUI should be popularized so as to reduce its risk factors and improve quality of life of the women.