从体验论看汉语“吃”的转喻和隐喻认知模式及其特点

On Cognitive Models and Characteristics of Chinese Metaphors and Metonymies of "Eating" in Terms of Embodied Realism

研究了汉语"吃"的隐喻和转喻的认知模式和特点。语料的分析研究表明汉语"吃"的隐喻和转喻来自人体和客观世界的互动,来自人的感觉器官,即:视觉、味觉、触觉、嗅觉和食物的色、香、味、质的密切互动,还和各种食物的享用处所有着密切的联系。实证的研究还表明汉语"吃"的隐喻和转喻具有如下认知特点:转喻在其转隐喻连续体中具有重要的认知作用,较大的概括性使"吃"作为源语域得到更多的凸显,较高的使用频率使"吃"具有更多的隐喻和转喻,对食物的体验面越广,"吃"的隐喻性用法也越多,概念隐喻具有更强的认知力,汉语"吃"的隐喻和转喻具有汉语文化的民族特色。

The study of linguistic data shows that many Chinese metaphors and metonymies of ＂ eating＂ are relevant to sensory motors, namely： sense of sight, sense of taste, sense of touch, and sense of smell. It is found that the four senses contribute a lot to the mapping process of Chinese metaphors and metonymies of ＂eating＂. The empirical research shows that Chinese metaphors and metonymies of ＂eating＂ have the following characteristics： metonymy plays an important role in metonymies continuum, greater generalization makes ＂eating＂ of source domain more salient, higher degree of oral usages makes it gain more metaphorical usages, interaction with more kinds of food makes it achieve more metaphorical usages and all of the metaphors and metonymies of ＂eating＂ reflect national features of Chinese culture.