野生药材资源可持续利用的策略初探

Strategies for Sustainable Use of Wild Chinese Materia Medica Resources

目的:探讨野生药材资源可持续利用的原则。方法:在分析野生药材资源可持续利用的现状和问题及原因的基础上,结合生物多样性保护及遗传资源保护的相关国际公约及研究,提出中药资源可持续利用的策略。结果:认为当前不少野生药材资源种濒危;资源流失及相关知识产权遭到日益侵害,原因主要包括:1)人口增长过快造成需求过大;2)在野生药材资源开发中,没有处理好保护与利用的关系;3)自然环境的破坏造成栖息地丧失加剧了野生药材资源濒危的进程;4)认识和管理不到位造成野生药材资源及其知识产权保护失控。结论:提出野生药材资源保护的原则:1)坚持资源的开发利用与保护并重;2)强调栖息地保护;3)利用国际公法对野生药材资源进行保护;4)加强知识产权保护;5)支持野生药材资源的人工栽培及替代品研究;6)支持野生药材资源保护的基础研究。

Objective： To discuss the strategies for sustainable use of wild Chinese materia medica resources （WCMMR）. Methods： analyzed the status quo, problems and the reasons for the sustainable use of the WCMMR, and give the strategies both according to the international convention and the status quo of sustainable use of the WCMMR. Results： This paper think sustainable use of WCMMR face challenge, both genetic resources and intellectual properties of Chinese materia medica are damaged. It think the causes which lead pressure of sustainable use of WCMMR are as follows, 1 ） Population increase over fast which lead demand ever increasing; 2） Imbalance of conservation and utilization during WCMMR are used; 3） Habitat losing due to the natural environment are destroyed; 4） Inefficient management can not take efficient control for conservation of WCMMR. Conclusions： It propose the following principle for sustainable use of WCMMR, 1 ） Both conservation and utilization should be concern together; 2） Stress the preserve of the habitat of WCMMR; 3） Refer to the international law for conservation of WCMMR; 4） Stress the IP protection; 5）Encourage the cultivation and alternative products exploited; 6） Encourage the basic research for sustainable use of WCMMR.