含铜多金属复杂矿区的一株浸矿细菌的分离与鉴定

Isolation and characterization of a bioleaching bacterium from cupreous complex metallic mines

为寻找新的浸矿细菌，从江西城门山矿区硫化矿矿坑水中使用平板分离法得到了一株能够浸矿的细菌，命名为CMS。经电镜和生理生化试验，鉴定该菌株为革兰氏阴性细菌，短杆状，菌体大小为（0．4±0．1）μm×（1．4±0．5）μm，最适生长温度为25～30℃，最适PH值为2．0，化能自养型，能利用亚铁、单质硫和葡萄糖生长，不能利用硫代硫酸钠、蛋白胨生长。16SrRNA系统发育树的结果表明，CMS菌株与嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌（Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans，简称A．f）AFY菌株位于系统发育树一个同的分支中，相似度99．72％。克隆其代谢系统关键基因亚铁氧化酶（Iroprotein）基因并测定其序列，与其他相关菌株比对，结果显示编码区的核酸序列与报道序列完全一致。另外，其铁闪锌矿（ZnFe）S摇瓶浸出试验显示，在浸出28d后，含菌株的摇瓶的锌离子质量浓度即达到615．50mg·L^-1，而无菌浸出仅有392．25mg·L^-1。

To fred new bacteria species for bioleaching, one bioleaching bacterium was isolated by plate method from acid mine drainage of Chengmenshan mine, Jianxi province in china, named as CMS. By electron micrograph and physiological identification, the strain CMS is gram negative and rod-shaped in （0.4±0. 1 ） μm （ 1.4±0.5 ） μm. The optimum growth temperature is 25-30 ℃,and the optimum growth pH is 2.0. It can grow autotrophically CMS using ferrous, sulfur, glucose as sole energy sources, however, not grow with NaS2O3 and peptone. A phylogenetic tree of 16S rRNA was constructed with the published 16S rDNA sequences of the relative bacteria species. In the phylogenetic tree, CMS has similarity with AcidithiobaciUus ferrooxidans （A.f） strain AFY with 99.72% sequence similarity. The Iro protein gene was cloned and sequenced. The blast result showed that there was the same sequence. The bioleaching experiment of （ZnFe）S revealed that the zinc concentration was 615.50 mg·L^-1 while the control was only 392.25 mg·L^-1 after 28 days.