我国主要污染物排放强度的区域差异分析

Analysis on the regional differences in main pollutants emission intensity in China

污染物排放强度反映了单位新创造经济价值的环境负荷大小。运用均方差赋权法对我国大陆30个省区2005年度废水、化学需氧量、氨氮、二氧化硫、烟尘、工业粉尘和工业固体废物等7种主要污染物排放强度的区域差异进行了评价,结果表明,当年七种主要污染物排放强度综合评价的全国平均水平为0.2154,东部各省区污染物排放强度明显比中西部地区各省区的小。然后,分别将我国东、中、西部各污染物排放强度的最小数值作为各地区污染物排放强度目标值,计算各省区的污染物排放强度降低潜力,结果表明,我国主要污染物排放强度减排潜力具有显著的区域间差异与区域内差异。最后,从增加环境保护投资、改善能源使用结构、调整和优化产业结构和大力发展循环经济等方面提出了促进污染物排放强度降低的一些建议。

Pollutant emission intensity reflects human pressure on the environment per unit of economic value created. By employing the method of variance in determining index weights, regional differences in the emission intensity of main pollutants, which include waste water, COD, nitrogen, sulfur dioxide, soot, industrial dust, and industrial solid in 30 provinces of the Chinese mainland in 2005, were evaluated. The results show that the national average level of the overall emission intensity of these pollutants is 0.2154, and the values of eastern provinces are smaller than those of central and western provinces. In addition, the minimum values of each pollutant were identified for eastern, central and western provinces, respectively, and used as the target value for each region, from which the reduction potential of each province＇s main pollutants emission intensity was calculated. The results show that there are significant inter-regional and intra-regional differences in the reduction potential of the main pollutants emission intensity. Finally, some suggestions are put forth with regard to pollutants emission intensity reduction, which include increasing investment in environmental protection, improving energy use structure, adjusting and optimizing industrial structure, and supporting the recycle economy.