昌吉市不同景观土壤动物群落结构

Community structure of soil animals in different landscape in Changji city, Xinjiang China

为了解不同利用方式土地的春季土壤动物群落结构,于2007年3月至6月对昌吉市周围的5种土地,即天然林、人工林、草地、农田、废弃地进行取样调查,共捕获土壤动物2046只,隶属3门10纲24目。分析表明:土壤动物优势类群为昆虫纲(Insecta)、蛛形纲(Arachnida)、弹尾纲(Collembola),常见类群为腹足纲(Gastropoda)、寡毛纲(Oligochaeta)、软甲纲(Malacostraca)和双尾纲(Diplura)等,其他均为稀有类群。5种不同利用方式土地土壤动物群落物种多样性和均匀度指数有一定的差异,草地的物种多样性最大,废弃地的多样性最小,体现了群落的复杂性与多样性。垂直分布显示土壤动物具有明显的表聚现象。根据土壤动物群落聚类的结果,可将5中土地分为2组,即草本植物种植型、林地型。显示了土壤动物群落对土壤利用方式的响应情况。

In order to understand the soil animal communities structure in differently using types of soil, from March to June, 2007 by using a sampling method, we investigated the soil animal communities at 5 using types of soil, natural forest, artificial forest, grassland, farmland and abandoned land in Changji City, Xinjiang, China. There were 2046 soil animal individuals belonged to 24orders, 10 classes, and 3 phylums in total samplings. The result of analysis shows that, the dominant orders were Insecta, Arachnida and Collembola, the frequent orders were Gastropoda, Oligochaeta, Malacostraca, Diplura, and then the remnant orders were rare orders. The diversity indexes highest the grassland and lowest the abandoned land, the diversity representing the complexity and the diversity of communities. The vertical distribution of soil animal had obvious surface assembly. Using the Hierarchical Cluster method, the 5 communities were classed to 2 groups; Herbage growth group and forest group, which shows the response of soil animal communities to the different soil using types.