论尤金·奥尼尔对古希腊悲剧文化的发展

On Eugene O'Neill's Development of Ancient Greek Culture of Tragedies

在继承、借鉴和吸纳古希腊悲剧文化传统的同时,奥尼尔又不断推陈出新,创新和发展悲剧艺术,多视角地揭示现代生活的悲剧性,从而赋予现代西方悲剧以新的内涵和审美意蕴。在悲剧人物方面,奥尼尔突破了古希腊悲剧人物中的神或王公贵族,而塑造了众多平凡普通小人物;在悲剧主题方面,突破了古希腊单一的宿命模式,而以人与自身本能情欲的悲剧冲突,人与机器、物质、金钱和清教上帝的悲剧冲突等为悲剧创作的主题系列;在题材方面,突破古希腊悲剧的局限,而选择日常生活中的各种题材,如航海、妇女问题、种族歧视等;在悲剧艺术手法方面,则采用音响效果、象征手法和表现主义手法等揭示现代人的心路历程和悲剧性。

While inheriting ancient Greek cultural tradition of tragedies, O＇Neill renovates and develops tragic arts to reveal the tragedy of modern life in different perspectives, thus endowing modem Western tragedies with new connotations and aesthetic meanings. In characters, O＇ Neill molds ordinary people instead of Gods and nobilities; in theme, he describes the conflicts between man and his desire, machinery, material, money and Puritanism rather than deterministic fatalism; in subject matter, he chooses various daily matters such as navigation, women issues and racial discrimination,etc. ; and in tragic arts, he adopts acoustics, symbolism and expressionism,etc. to expose the psychology and tragedy of modem man.