北京地区儿童及青少年血糖分布的特征

Blood glucose proffie in children and adolescents in Beijing area

目的了解北京地区儿童青少年血糖的分布特征。方法按分层整群随机抽样法抽取了北京市4个城区和3个郊区县的19593名6～18岁中小学生，进行空腹指末梢血糖（Fasting capillary blood glucose，FCBG）的测定。结果北京地区血糖调查数据合格的6～18岁儿童青少年19112名，男9514名（49．8％），女9598名（50．2％）；城区9792名（51．2％），郊县9320名（48．8％）。男孩平均血糖水平较女孩高0．2mmol／L（P〈0．01），城区儿童血糖水平较郊区高0．1mmol／L（P〈0．01）。城区男孩、女孩的血糖水平从6岁开始有随年龄增长而增加的趋势，城区男孩的血糖水平在13岁增长趋于平缓，17岁之前血糖水平变化不大，18岁开始下降。而城区女孩的血糖在12～13岁达到高峰，15岁起有下降的趋势。郊区男孩和女孩的血糖变化趋势基本一致，从6岁逐渐上升，至18岁有下降，血糖随年龄呈现双峰态，在6～11岁期间，血糖水平随年龄增长逐渐升高，11～12岁血糖水平达到第一个峰值，13岁血糖水平明显下降，从14岁开始，血糖水平又有上升，女孩升幅小，男孩上升明显，分别于15岁和16岁达到另一个峰值。结论北京地区儿童青少年的空腹指末梢血糖水平号陛别、年龄和肥胖有关，有城乡差别。

Objective There are scant data about normal reference values of blood glucose （BG） in children. This study was conducted to learn the BG profile of children and adolescents in Beijing area. Method The population for survey was selected as a stratified cluster sample from 8 urban and 10 rural areas in Beijing. Fasting capillary blood glucose （FCBG） was determined in 19 593 children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years in 4 urban and 3 rural areas using haemosaccharometer model Ⅱ [ Roche Diagnostic, （Shanghai） Ltd]. Results There were 1 9112 （97.5%） individuals with complete records, the mean age was 12. 1 ± 3.3 years（ranged from 6 to 18.9 years）; 9514 （49. 8% ）were boys, 9598 （50. 2% ）were girls, 9792 were（51.2% ）from urban areas and 9320（48.8% ）from rural areas. The average level of FCBG in boys was higher than that in girls（4. 7 ±0.5 vs. 4. 5 ±0. 5,u =28.0,P 〈0.01 ）. Among urban children, the trend of variation of FCBG was similar between boys and girls, the levels of FCBG increased with age, the peak of FCBG was reached at 12-13 years in urban girls, and from the age of 15 years, the level of FCBG declined. In boys, the FCBG level increased slowly from 13 years of age, there was no significant variation until 17 years old, and declined at the age of 18. Among suburban children, the trend of variation of FCBG was similar between boys and girls, both of them had two peaks, from 6 to 11 years old, FCBG of both boys and girls increased with age, and both reached the first peak at the age of 11 years. While at 13 years of age, there was an obvious drop in FCBG level. From 14 years of age on, there was a rise of FCBG in both boys and girls, and the second peak of FCBG was reacehd at 15 and 16 years of age in girls and boys respectively. The FCBG level of urban children was higher than that of rural children （4. 7 ±0. 5 vs. 4.6 ±0. 5, u = 13.8, P 〈0. 01）. The level of FCBG in overweight and obese children was higher than that of normal children. More boys, more obese and more urban children had abnormal FCBG. Conclusions The blood glucose level of children was associated with age, gender, obesity and district.