费孝通对于中国农民生活的认识与文化自觉

On Fei Xiaotong's Realization of Life and Cultural Consciousness of Chinese Peasant

费孝通一生是跟中国农民社会的研究密不可分的,他在其后期的学术生涯中主张"迈向人民的人类学",以此来解决人类学作为一种职业的应用性问题,并由此将一个农民社会的问题升华成为一个文化的问题。在费孝通看来,只有一种文化是服务于大多数人的,此种文化才是有益于这个社会以及这个社会里的每一个人的,由此人成为了文化的中心,而不是抽象的文化在主宰着人。对于世界的文化也是如此。因此,文化自觉不是文化对立而是文化之间的融通与相互的欣赏。

Based on one document of Professor Fei Xiaotong which is a short manuscript of his lecture at Peking University,the essay examines Mr.Fei's academic way and his emphasis on culture consciousness.Actually his whole life was closely connected with the study on Chinese rural society and he emphasized 'the anthropology towards people' by which he wished to resolve the problem of application of anthropology in China.Therefore,Fei Xiaotong sublimed the problem of peasant into one cultural problem.From his point of view,culture consciousness is more communication and mutual appreciation between cultures than opposition.