《九宫大成北词宫谱》各声调乐字调值拟测

Reconstruct Pitches of Tone of Every Tone's Music Word in Jiugong Dacheng Beici Scores(九宫大成北词宫谱)

曲谱是拟测古声调调值最好的语料。通过对《九宫大成北词宫谱》各声调代表乐字与其它声调连用情况的统计,得出各声调的调型走势是:阴平为平调,阳平为升调,上声为曲折调,去声为降调;相对音高情况是:阴平为高调,上声为低调,阳平和去声均为中高调。在此基础上,拟测出各声调调值是:阴平44,阳平35,上声213,去声53。

Music score is the best material to reconstruct the pitches of ancient tones. Through the statistics of the characters representing each tones used with other tones in Jiugong Dacheng Beici Scores（九宫大成北词宫谱）, it is concluded that the trend of each tone is as followed： the tone of Yinping（阴平） is even and smooth, the tone of Yangping（阳平） is going upward, the tone of Shangsheng（上声） is curved, and the tone of Qusheng（去声） is descending; the comparative pitches are as followed： the tone of Yinping（阴平） is high, the tone of Shangsheng（上声） is low, the tone of Yangping（阳平） and Qusheng（去声） are both in the middle. According to the above conclusion, the pitches of each tone are reconstructed： the tone of Yinping（阴平） is 44, the tone of Yangping（阳平） is 35, the tone of Shangsheng（上声） is 213, the tone of Qusheng（去声） is 53.