苏联对中国性别平等的影响--以20世纪50年代为例

The Influence of the Soviet Union on Gender Equality in China in the 1950s

本文主要讨论在20世纪50年代,社会主义苏联对中国性别平等的影响。中国政府对于苏联模式的仿效与借鉴,以"就业权"上的男女平等最为突出,效果最为显著,以至深刻地影响了几代人的思想与生活。改革开放带给中国人的冲击与反思是强烈的,在苏联模式影响、西方女权主义和中国式妇女解放共存并相互影响的今天,苏联模式与影响虽然已经成为历史讨论的话题,但在经济全球化、文化多元化加速发展的时代,无疑成为全面了解中国社会、中国妇女以及重新审视性别平等的重要方面。

This paper reviews and reflects how the experience of Soviet Union had made great impact on the Chinese opinion of equality between men and women, especially in the 1950s of the Chinese history. Among all of what the Chinese government imitated and referenced from the Soviet Union＇s experience, the idea of equal opportunity of＂taking up an occupation＂ was most prominent, the effect of which was so notable that it deeply changed one generation＇s thought and life. Today, the influences of SU model, western feminism and women＇s liberation in Chinese style coexist and they influence to each other. By the post tendency of economic globalization and culture multiformity, SU model and its influences has become a historic topic, but one undeniable fact is that it is still an important clue led us to understand Chinese society, Chinese women and to resurvey the gender equality.